| Fringe-backed Fire-eye | |
|---|---|
| Conservation status | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Thamnophilidae |
| Genus: | Pyriglena |
| Species: | P. atra |
| Binomial name | |
| Pyriglena atra (Swainson, 1825) |
|
Pyriglena atra is a rare species of bird in the antbird family known by the common names Fringe-backed Fire-eye and Swainson's Fire-eye. It is endemic to Brazil, where it is known from a strech of coastal forest habitat in Sergipe and Bahia.[1]
This bird is about 17.5 centimeters long. It has red eyes. The male is black in color and has a patch of white-edged black feathers on its back. The female is reddish brown with brown underparts, a black tail, and a white throat.[2] The song is a number of whistling fíu sounds and the alarm call is a loud peerit, rising at the end.[3]
The bird is a resident of a small strip of the South American Atlantic Forest biome. It inhabits the understory at the edges of lowland primary and secondary tropical forests. It lives in dense forest habitat, avoiding open and sunny areas. The species' range extends from southern Sergipe to northeastern Bahia, covering about 5000 km² of fragmented habitat.[2] The total population is estimated to be between 1000 to 2500 individuals. It is thought to be declining rapidly due to the loss of habitat.[3]
This bird forages in tangled vegetation within 3 meters of the ground, sometimes feeding higher in the canopy. It may be solitary or it may forage in pairs or small family groups. Food items include cockroaches, grasshoppers, winged ants, caterpillars, and geckos.[2] Frogs are also eaten.[4] The bird may follow army ants, which flush the prey items into the open.[2] The nest is on the ground and well camouflaged. It is spherical with a covering of dry leaves and an internal lining of fibers from piaçava palms. Both male and female incubate and provide parental care.[4]
The United States Fish and Wildlife Service listed it as an endangered species in 2010. It is a protected species under Brazilian law.[2][3]
Names for the bird include Olho-de-fogo-rendado and papa-taoca-da-bahia in Portuguese, Batará de Swainson and Ojodefuego de Bahía in Spanish, Alapi noir and Priglène à manteau tacheté in French, and Fleckenmantel-Feuerauge and Fleckenmantel-Feueraugef in German.[5]